physics question #1544

Gregg Echols, a 44 year old male from Phoenix asks on August 12, 2003,

Q:

What are the temperatures reached at the focused point of a magnifying glass, when using the sun as the power source? I know it would probably change, depending on the magnification factor of the lens, so there should be a lower end and higher end, reflecting the different strengths of the lenses. I haven't been able to find any type of chart, index, or temperature scale showing these values.
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the answer

David Winsemius answered on November 27, 2003, A:

There is an upper limit to how hot a solar furnace can get. It is the temperature of the surface of the sun. Thermodynamic law says that energy cannot flow from a colder object to a hotter object (even with a lens between them). So the upper limit of a solar furnace is is 6,000 C. See the Physics Fact Book. That is still pretty hot and it is possible to melt steel at that temperature. So the real question is how much energy is coming from the sun to a particular square area at the surface of the Earth. That depends on the latitude, season, time of day, and cloud cover. It can get pretty technical. You can find the instructions for building a solar furnace at Bill Beatty's Hombrew Science page. Be careful! The Sun is hot. You could injure yourself or light your house on fire if you leave a section of a focussing collector lying around uncovered.

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